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芝加哥的具体介绍

芝加哥（Chicago）位于美国中西部，属伊利诺伊州，东临密歇根湖。，是美国仅次于纽约市和洛杉矶的第三大城市。芝加哥地处北美**的中心地带，为美国最重要的铁路、航空枢纽。芝加哥同时也是美国最为重要的金融、文化、制造业、期货和商品交易中心之一。逐渐成为具有在世界重大影响力的大都市之一。芝加哥常见的别名包括：“第二城”，“风城”，“芝城”等。芝加哥也是全球最重要的一个金融中心，是美国第二大商业中心区。也是美国最大的期货市场。也被评为美国发展最均衡的经济体。此外，芝加哥都市区新增的企业数一直位居美国第一位。 查看精彩图册中文名称：芝加哥外文名称：Chicago别名：风之城，第二城行政区类别：市所属地区：美国伊利诺伊州下辖地区：库克县、杜佩奇县**驻地：库克县电话区号：312, 773, 872地理位置：美国中西部面积：606.2平方公里人口：2,707,120(2011年)方言：英语，拉丁语，西班牙语气候条件：温带**性气候著名景点：西尔斯大厦，海军码头，林肯公园动物园，云门机场：奥黑尔国际机场，中途国际机场现任市长：拉姆·伊曼纽尔市花：菊花市旗 　　芝加哥市市旗由三条白色被两条蓝色分隔而组成，在中间那条白色上有四颗红星。两条蓝色象征芝加哥河及其两条支流。中间那条白色表示该市的西部，而外边、较窄的两条白色表示北部和南部。中间那条白色上的四颗红色六角星（自旗杆向外）分别意为：迪尔伯恩要塞（1939年添加）、1871年10月8－10日的芝加哥大火、1893年的“世界美国展览会”和1933年的“进步的世纪展览会”（1933年添加）。原来的二星旗由华莱士·赖斯设计并于1917年被采用。

所有在芝加哥的大学有哪些？

1、芝加哥大学 芝加哥大学，简称“芝大”，位于美国国际金融中心芝加哥，是世界著名私立研究型大学、常年位列各个大学排行榜世界前十 。 这里诞生了“芝加哥经济学派”等以人文社科为主的众多芝加哥学派，约40%的诺贝尔经济学奖得主与芝大相关 ，是世界经济学、法学、社会学等最重要的研究教学中心之一 。 2、伊利诺伊理工学院 伊利诺伊理工大学（Illinois Institute of Technology，简称IIT，又译伊利诺伊理工学院，建立于1890年，坐落在芝加哥市区，是一所世界知名的顶级综合私立性大学，在诸多研究和学术领域具有享誉世界级的声望。 3、芝加哥洛约拉大学 芝加哥洛约拉大学（Loyola University Chicago），是一所享誉世界的顶级私立研究型大学，位于美国伊利诺伊州的芝加哥市。 4、芝加哥哥伦比亚学院 芝加哥哥伦比亚学院是美国一所私立大学，同时也是最大的艺术与交流学院，学院位于美国芝加哥。 不仅如此，作为一所综合性艺术大学，芝哥大以全美艺术专业最多而著称。 5、罗斯福大学 罗斯福大学位于美国伊利诺伊州的芝加哥市。学校成立于1945年，以美国前总统富兰克林 罗斯福命名。 罗斯福大学长久以来一直把学生的需求放在首要位置，学院一直被视为领导学术主流发展的高等教育机构。学院教授的专业领域与学术界有广泛的合作。

华盛顿在美国哪个州?

华盛顿不属于任何一个州，在行政上由联邦**直辖。 在美国有两个华盛顿，一个是位于西北部的华盛顿州（State of Washington），一个是位于东北部的华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington D.C.）。 虽然都叫华盛顿，但一般外界提到华盛顿都指的是首都华盛顿特区。这个设立于1790年的特别行政区由美国国会直接管辖，不属于美国的任何一个州。 历史沿革 华盛顿原是一片灌木丛生之地，只有一些村舍散落其间。1789年，美国联邦**正式成立，乔治·华盛顿当选为首任总统。当国会在纽约召开第一次会议时，建都选址问题引起激烈争吵，南北两方的议员都想把首都设在本方境内。 国会最后达成妥协，由总统华盛顿选定南北方的天然分界线——波托马克河畔长宽各为16公里的地区作为首都地址，并请法国工程师皮埃尔·夏尔·朗方主持首都的总体规划和设计。新都尚未建成，华盛顿便于1799年去世。为了纪念他，这座新都在翌年建成时被命名为华盛顿。

芝加哥 剧情详细介绍

剧情简介：
　　
　　 《芝加哥》根据1927年发生在芝加哥的真实犯罪事件改编，1928年首度搬上银幕。1977年百老汇名制作人鲍勃·佛西将这个故事在百老汇重现，并因此获得两座东尼奖。1996年，《芝加哥》重回百老汇时，获颁了最佳重映舞台剧等6项大奖，今年又重新又米拉麦克斯搬上大银幕。 　　影片讲述在上个世纪混乱的20年代，芝加哥的伴**郎Roxie Hart(齐薇格扮演)射杀了她那不忠的男友，被捕入狱。在监狱中，她碰到了另一位伴**郎Velma Kelly(泽塔—琼斯扮演)，后者同样是一位杀人犯，在媒体的曝光率非常高。 　　一位叫Billy Flynn(理察-基尔扮演)的律师正在处理她的案件，但很快的，Hart的光芒盖过了Kelly，成为镇上最著名的杀人犯，并即将出狱。两人为了共同向往的东西————自由与名声———展开了争夺。他们首先同绝无人性的律师Billy编造出一个美丽的杀人误会，博得传媒、大家的同情，成为大众焦点，谁知好戏在后头，Roxie和Velma竟然也被律师出卖了…

芝加哥属于哪个国家？

芝加哥（Chicago），位于美国中西部，属伊利诺州，东临密歇根湖。芝加哥及其郊区组成的大芝加哥地区，是美国仅次于纽约市和洛杉矶的第三大都会区。芝加哥地处北美**的中心地带，为美国最重要的铁路、航空枢纽。芝加哥同时也是美国主要的金融、文化、制造业、期货和商品交易中心之一。

芝加哥别称为什么叫第二城？该叫第三城吧：）定酬，童叟无欺！

在50年代,纽约的杂志new yorker一直在用Chicago: The Second City这个标题,因为几十年来芝加哥的城市人口排名一直在纽约后面.
你说的第三城是因为现在芝加哥排在纽约和洛杉矶后面数第三大的城市 "third largest city in the United States following New York and Los Angeles".

芝加哥在哪个州

芝加哥（Chicago）位于美国中西部，属伊利诺伊州，东临密歇根湖，是美国仅次于纽约市和洛杉矶的第三大城市。芝加哥地处北美**的中心地带，为美国最重要的铁路、航空枢纽。芝加哥同时也是美国最为重要的金融、文化、制造业、期货和商品交易中心之一。逐渐成为具有在世界重大影响力的大都市之一。芝加哥常见的别名包括：“第二城”，“风城”，“芝城”等。芝加哥也是全球最重要的一个金融中心，是美国第二大商业中心区。也是美国最大的期货市场。也被评为美国发展最均衡的经济体。此外，芝加哥都市区新增的企业数一直位居美国第一位。是一座国际化大都市。

芝加哥概况(英文介绍，带中文翻译）

提供素材，你自己连起来
它是美国第三大城市，人们将这座城市称为“风城”（The Windy City）、“第二城”（The Second City）、“芝城”（ChiTown）、“世界屠猪城”（Hog Butcher for the World）、“巨肩之城”（City of the Big Shoulders）、“劳动之城”（The City That Works）。如此多的称呼指的都是一座城市——芝加哥（Chicago）。

下面是英文Chicago (city, Illinois), city and seat of Cook County, located in northeastern Illinois, on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the Chicago River. Chicago is the third largest city in the United States and one of the country’s leading industrial, commercial, transportation, and financial centers.

Chicago covers a land area of 588.2 sq km (227.1 sq mi) and extends 47 km (29 mi) along Lake Michigan. It occupies flatland traversed by two short rivers: the Chicago River, which flows west from the lake through the downtown area, where it forks into a North Branch and a South Branch; and the Calumet River, in the south, which connects with the small Lake Calumet. Both rivers are linked by canals with the Illinois and Mississippi rivers, establishing Chicago as the connecting point in the waterway between the Mississippi Valley and the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway. The city’s rapid growth was due in large part to its location, with ready access to markets and raw materials.

II POPULATION

After a population decline since the 1950s, the population of Chicago increased from 2,783,726 in 1990 to 2,896,016 in 2000. According to the 2000 census, whites constitute 42 percent of the city’s population; blacks, 36.8 percent; Asians, 4.3 percent; Native Americans, 0.4 percent; and Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders, 0.1 percent. People of mixed heritage or not reporting ethnicity were 16.5 percent of inhabitants. Hispanics, who may be of any race, represent 26 percent of the city’s population.

Chicago is the center of a large metropolitan area spreading across three states, from Kenosha, Wisconsin, in the north to Gary, Indiana, in the southeast. The population of the consolidated metropolitan statistical area increased from 8,115,000 in 1980 to 8,240,000 in 1990. It reached 9,157,500 in 2000. The percentage of minorities is lower in the metropolitan area than in the city. Blacks account for only about one in five in the metropolitan region as a whole, and Hispanics represent approximately one in nine residents. While the proportion of Hispanics is growing in the metropolitan area, black presence has remained mostly unchanged.

Almost every ethnic group found in the United States is represented in Chicago. In 1990 more people claimed German ancestry in Chicago than any other ancestry, followed by Polish and Irish. Almost 45 percent of the more than 450,000 foreign-born people now living in Chicago entered the United States between 1980 and 1990. Spanish and Polish are the two most common languages spoken at home other than English.

III ECONOMY

Chicago has a highly diversified economy that has been aided by an extensive transportation and distribution network. It is the nation’s most important rail and trucking center and is the location of one of the busiest airports in the United States, Chicago-O’Hare International Airport. Chicago has several commuter railroad lines that serve the suburbs. In addition, the Chicago Transit Authority operates bus, subway, and EL (elevated train) services in the city.

The city is a significant port for both domestic and international trade. Great Lakes freighters and river barges deliver bulk commodities such as iron ore, limestone, coal, chemicals, petroleum, and grain. Some of this freight is destined for processing plants in the heavily industrialized Calumet River area. Foreign vessels arrive via the St. Lawrence Seaway, bringing products such as automobiles, steel, fish, and alcoholic beverages. The boats depart carrying machinery, farm equipment, hides, and lumber, as well as a variety of food products.

Manufacturing employs about one-fifth of the metropolitan area’s workers. Chicago’s largest employer is the food products industry, followed by the printing and publishing, metal fabrication, electronic equipment, chemical, machinery, and transportation-equipment industries. The manufacture of furniture and agricultural implements has declined in importance in recent decades. Chicago is one of the nation’s leading producers of steel, metalware, confectionery, surgical appliances, railroad equipment, soap, paint, cosmetics, cans, industrial machinery, printed materials, and sporting goods.

Chicago contains the headquarters of numerous corporations and is an important wholesale market for grain, machine tools, produce, fish, and flowers. The Chicago Board of Trade and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange are among the world’s largest commodities markets and have led in the development of futures trading and related concepts. The city has long been an important convention and trade-show center, with numerous hotels and extensive exhibition facilities. The increasing importance of this industry has made it necessary to renovate and enlarge several facilities, including the McCormick Place (built in 1960), a multipurpose facility on Lake Michigan and the largest trade-show facility in North America.

IV THE URBAN LANDSCAPE

The Chicago River divides the city into three broad sections, known traditionally as the North, West, and South sides. The North Side is largely residential, interspersed with industry. The West Side generally is a lower-income residential area and contains numerous industrial, railroad, and wholesale-produce facilities. The South Side occupies almost half the city and contains diverse residential neighborhoods, ranging from decayed tenement districts to areas of modest detached houses. The South Side also incorporates the heavily industrialized Calumet district, which includes an extensive port area.

Chicago has one of the world’s most beautiful lakefronts. With the exception of a few miles of industry on its southern extremity, virtually the entire lakefront is devoted to recreational uses, with beaches, museums, harbors, and parks. The lakefront parks include three of the city’s most important: Grant Park, near downtown; Lincoln Park, to the north; and Jackson Park to the south.

The downtown area, known locally as the Loop (from the fact that it is encircled by elevated railway tracks), has been undergoing rapid change and expansion. It is an important retail and entertainment district, although these industries are spreading, especially to the Michigan Avenue area north of downtown and to the growing suburbs. The decline in manufacturing in the downtown area is offset by the continuing construction of tall office buildings and, to a lesser extent, of residential buildings.

V POINTS OF INTEREST

The world’s first skyscraper was constructed in Chicago in 1885, spawning the Chicago School of architecture. Among the renowned architects whose buildings have shaped the city’s skyline are Louis Sullivan, William Le Baron Jenney, Daniel H. Burnham, Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Helmut Jahn. In the central part of the city are several of the tallest buildings in the world, including the Sears Tower, 110 stories high. Many of these buildings, including the Sears Tower, have observation decks that are open to the public.

In August 1995 the new Navy Pier Center opened in Chicago. Built on a pier constructed during World War I (1914-1918), the new center includes a 15,800-sq-m (170,000–sq-ft) exposition center, an ice-skating rink, a 3,000-sq-m (32,000-sq-ft) botanical garden, and a Ferris wheel that is 46 m (150 ft) tall.

VI EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS

Chicago has one of the largest public school systems in the United States. The Chicago Board of Education administers the system in a centralized fashion; in recent years it has been experimenting with local school councils as a means of partial devolution of authority. These councils, established in 1989, have authority in several areas, including the ability to approve budgets and curriculum. In addition, Chicago has many private schools, including large parochial systems maintained by the Roman Catholic and Lutheran churches. Chicago is a center of higher education, with numerous colleges and universities. The University of Chicago (1891) was in 1942 the site of the world’s first controlled nuclear chain reaction. Among the other schools of higher learning are Northwestern University (1851), with campuses in both Chicago and nearby Evanston; the Illinois Institute of Technology (1890); Roosevelt University (1945); Loyola University of Chicago (1870); DePaul University (1898); Chicago State University (1867); Northeastern Illinois University (1961); and the University of Illinois at Chicago (1965).

Chicago contains many museums. These include the Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum; the Art Institute of Chicago, one of the country’s largest art museums; the Field Museum; and the John G. Shedd Aquarium, the world’s largest, all of which are in the Grant Park area. In Hyde Park are the Oriental Institute Museum, which contains a collection of antiquities from the Middle East; the Du Sable Museum of African-American History; and the Museum of Science and Industry. In Lincoln Park are the Chicago Academy of Sciences and the Chicago Historical Society; the latter is known for its material on Abraham Lincoln and the American Civil War (1861-1865). Also in the city is the Museum of Contemporary Art. The Harold Washington Library Center is the headquarters of the Chicago Public Library. The largest municipal library building in the United States, it is named for the first black mayor of Chicago, who served from 1983 to 1987. The public library, with 79 branches, has a collection of about 6 million books, with representative collections in 35 languages and small collections in more than 300 languages. The Newberry Library is a reference library containing an important collection focused on the humanities, including holdings on Native Americans, the history of printing, and cartography. The Chicago Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1891, is considered one of the finest in the world. The city’s opera company is The Lyric Opera, founded in 1954.

Chicago is also home to many professional sports teams. The Chicago Cubs baseball team plays at Wrigley Field; the Chicago White Sox baseball team, at Comiskey Park; the Chicago Bears football team, at Soldier Field; and the Chicago Blackhawks ice hockey and Chicago Bulls basketball teams, at the United Center, a new facility that opened in 1994.

VII HISTORY

In 1673 French explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet passed through what is now Chicago. They found a low, swampy area that the region’s Native Americans, mainly Sac (Sauk), Mesquakie, and Potawatomi, called “Checagou,” referring to the wild onion that grew in marshlands along Lake Michigan. About a century later, Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, a Haitian trader, established the first permanent dwelling near the mouth of the Chicago River. In 1803 the U.S. Army built Fort Dearborn along the river to protect the strategic waterway linkage. At the beginning of the War of 1812, the fort was evacuated, and nearly all the soldiers and settlers were killed by Native Americans; the fort was destroyed. It was rebuilt in 1816, but settlement remained sparse until the Native Americans were removed in the mid-1830s.

By 1837, spurred by harbor improvements and the start of construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, Chicago’s population had reached 4,000, and the community was incorporated as a city. Growth was rapid and was soon bolstered by the completion of the canal, in 1848, and the coming of the railroads, in the early 1850s. The consolidated Union Stock Yards opened in 1865; cattle, hogs, and sheep were shipped by rail to Chicago for slaughter and packing. Attracted by economic opportunities, immigrants from Ireland, Germany, and Scandinavia settled in Chicago. The city was first predominantly a port and trading center for raw materials from the Midwest and finished goods from the East, but it soon developed as a national railroad junction and an important manufacturing center. Waves of immigrants, including Poles, Jews from many countries, Serbs, Russians, Czechs, Lithuanians, Italians, and Greeks, arrived in the city. Social reformers Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr founded Hull House (1889) to address immigrants’ needs and to lobby for reform. The generally low-paying jobs and substandard living conditions of immigrants in Chicago were exposed in the 1906 novel The Jungle by Upton Sinclair. The years of World War I (1914-1918) marked the beginning of the great migration north of Southern blacks seeking better opportunities.

From October 8 to 10, 1871, a great fire killed at least 250 people, left 90,000 homeless, and destroyed about 10 sq km (about 4 sq mi) of central Chicago (nearly one-third of the total area). According to legend, the fire started when a cow kicked over a lantern in a backyard shed after an extreme dry spell had left the city particularly susceptible to fire. The city was quickly rebuilt and continued its rapid growth. The fire’s chief consequence was to reorient the retail business district away from the Chicago River toward a new axis along State Street.

During the second half of the 19th century, the city’s large industrial-worker population campaigned actively for an eight-hour work day, better working conditions, and better wages. Workers clashed with police on several occasions, including the Haymarket Square Riot of May 4, 1886. Two civilians and seven policemen were killed, and approximately 150 people were wounded. In nearby Pullman on June 27, 1894, workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company, a manufacturer of railroad sleeping cars, went on strike to protest unfair wage practices and unfavorable living and working conditions in the company town. The American Railway Union responded with a sympathy strike. Workers and their families were attacked by railroad deputies, federal troops, and city police. At least 30 people were killed and 100 wounded before the strike was broken on July 17.

By 1890, mainly because of the city’s annexation of numerous suburbs, Chicago’s population had surpassed 1 million. Three years later the city hosted the World’s Columbian Exposition, commemorating the 400th anniversary of the European arrival in America. Daniel Burnham, the chief architect of the exposition, later developed a plan to guide Chicago’s physical expansion through the 20th century. His Plan of Chicago, published in 1909, proposed a network of parks along Lake Michigan and throughout the city, a system of avenues connecting the center city with its suburbs and the suburbs with one another, and various other features. Much of the plan was implemented in subsequent decades.

Alternate periods of corruption and reform characterized the city’s political history in the early 20th century. In the summer of 1919 race riots erupted throughout the United States, the worst occurring in Chicago on July 27. When a black youth swimming in Lake Michigan drifted into an area reserved for whites, he was stoned and drowned. Police refused to arrest the white man whom black observers considered responsible, and angry crowds gathered on the beach. Violence erupted and continued throughout the city for several days, resulting in 38 dead, 537 injured, and 1,000 black families left homeless. The riots shocked the nation and prompted many to launch efforts toward racial equality through volunteer organizations and reform legislation. During the Prohibition era (1919-1933) Chicago became notorious for its bootleggers and gangsters, such as Al Capone and “Bugs” Moran, and for the ruthless gang warfare in which they engaged. The latter was epitomized by the infamous Saint Valentine’s Day massacre of 1929, in which Capone won control of Chicago’s underworld when unidentified individuals, some dressed as police officers, killed six of Moran’s gangsters and associates.

The population of Chicago continued to grow until it reached a peak of more than 3.6 million in 1950. Since World War II ended in 1945, Chicago has experienced an increase in its black and Hispanic populations, which have moved into formerly white residential areas as whites moved to the rapidly growing suburbs. Since the early 1950s, numerous projects, such as extensive slum clearance and rehabilitation and the construction of a network of expressways, have been undertaken to alleviate urban decay and ensure the future prosperity of the central area. The latest improvement is the Deep Tunnel project, an underground network of tunnels, reservoirs, and pollution-control systems designed to hold excess storm water and sewage. Deep Tunnel, begun in 1976, is one of the largest municipal public-works projects in the history of the United States. When the project is fully completed, it will comprise 180 km (110 mi) of tunnels.

Chicago has a tradition of provocative, sometimes controversial political leadership. Mayor William Hale Thompson led a deeply corrupt administration during the 1920s. Richard J. Daley, the archetypal city “boss,” served as mayor from 1955 to 1976. A Democrat, Daley wielded a great deal of power in this largely Democratic city. He governed by the spoils system (rewarding political allies with jobs), and he delivered many local votes for Democratic presidential candidates. In 1968 protesters staged a demonstration against the Vietnam War in Chicago during the Democratic presidential convention. Daley ordered aggressive police action to quash the protest. The ensuing violence by police led to several days of rioting.

Following Daley’s death in 1976, ward politics decentralized under successive mayors, including the city’s first woman mayor, Jane Byrne (1979-1983), and its first black mayor, Harold Washington (1983-1987). Washington built a progressive, interracial coalition, but the coalition did not survive the mayor’s untimely death in 1987. In 1989 Richard M. Daley, the son of Richard J. Daley, became mayor of Chicago; he was reelected in 1991, 1995, and 1999.

In April 1992 an engineering accident at a bridge reconstruction project sent river water rushing into the city’s abandoned underground freight tunnels; the resulting flood caused extensive damage to the downtown district. The flood disrupted markets at the Chicago Board of Trade for a week and closed the subway for 25 days.

In the 2000 national census, the city of Chicago showed a population increase for the first time in 50 years. This gain was due to a variety of factors. The city experienced an influx of immigrants, especially Hispanics and Asians. In addition, the city government tried to attract and retain residents by undertaking urban renewal projects and improving public schools. The city was also able to provide economic incentives to businesses because of the economic boom of the 1990s.

所有在芝加哥的大学有哪些？

最好的：
芝加哥大学
The
University
of
Chicago
（城南）
西北大学
Northwestern
University
（城北）
中等的
伊利诺伊理工学院
Illinois
Institute
of
Technology
（偏南）
伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校
Univ.
of
Illinois,
Chicago
（中心）
洛约拉大学
Loyola
University
（偏北）
德宝大学
DePaul
University
（中心）
芝加哥州立大学
Chicago
State
University
（非常南）
哥伦比亚芝加哥学院
Columbia
College
Chicago
（艺术学院，与哥伦比亚大学无关）（中心）
其他还有：（比较一般了,职业大学）
罗斯福大学
Roosevelt
University
德福莱大学
Devry
University
东西大学
East
West
University